Rangana Dilshan

Trade union, also called labor union can be defined as “A labor union is an organization formed by workers in a particular trade, industry, or company for the purpose of improving pay, benefits, and working conditions.” (investopedia, 2022) Trade unions have a democratic structure and it works as independent unit for representing and negotiating on behalf of working people. Workers have to pay an annual or monthly payment for getting the membership from the labor union. Labor unions started in 18 century during the industrial revolution. (WallStreetMojo, 2022) Typical labor unions consist of a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, executive council member and steward. According to the Department of Labor, there are 2053 active labor union associations in Sri Lanka as at 31st of December 2022. (Department of Labor, 2022)                                                        Type of Labor unions       01.    Craft union This type of union form when all members hav

As a result of demographic, technological and economic changes work organization practices have been changed globally. Workplace arrangement is one of the major things that has changed from time to time. Most companies are trying to arrange flexible work environments to retain the existing staff and attract new talents who are currently un-employing due to family responsibilities or other limitations. Flexible work arrangements can be defined as ‘any policies, practices, formal or informal, which permit people to vary when and where work is carried out’ (Maxwell, Rankine, Bell & MacVicar 2006, p. 138-161).   Advantages of workplace flexibility 01.    Prioritize families Most of the workers are expecting flexibility to address their personal and family needs like childcare, eldercare, schooling and healthcare. These needs may be planned or unplanned. 8-5 working schedule won’t be always fitted to the working parents. If there is a flexible workplace, the employee may have a

  Work-related stress is a growing problem that is affecting both employees’ psychical as well as mental well-being and the organization's productivity. As a result of the pressure in a new era of large-scale companies and an increase in competition could result to build a stressful environment internally. Stress is not always bad. But work-related stress arises when there is an imbalance between the job demands and the abilities, capabilities and skills of an employee to deal with these job demands. (Blaug, Kenyon & Lekhi, 2007).   Causes for work-related stress 01.Poor Task designing Because of the competition most companies not giving adequate time to complete the tasks. Apart from that appointing meaningless tasks, giving tasks that do not match with the employee's KAS, not appreciating the employee, and not giving proper training for the workers (technical, social) may lead to creating stress. 02.Over workload Word load is considered the most common reason

  In every organization, success depends on employee performance. So there should be reliable and unbiased ways to evaluate employees and the company should understand the value of a successful evaluation system. "Performance Appraisal is the systematic evaluation of the performance of employees and to understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development." (Juneja, 2022) Importance of reliable and unbiased performance Appraisal 01.Identifying training needs Mwema and Gacunga (2014, 324-337), identified that PA helps to identify the training needs of staff and accordingly organization can provide required training to improve the employee’s performances. This will add value to the company and can consider training as a long-term investment also. After reviewing data if the company identified that all the employees in one section are relatively weak for same area company can arrange common training for that section rather than giving individual one.